Castle manager John Diskin swooped to sign Turner (pictured) after he turned up at their game on Tuesday night asking if he could sign.
Lee Casswell waived the normal seven days notice so that he would be available for Newcastle immediately.
This will be Turner's second spell at the Lyme Valley Club and he has also been on the books of Hednesford Town, Kidsgrove Athletic and Leek CSOB.
In all he made 22 appearances for the Blues this season, thirteen starts and nine from the bench scoring twice.
Meanwhile goalkeeper Joe McCormack has returned to Rainworth Miners Welfare, the club he joined Blues from in December 2011 following the recent signing of Ben Chapman.